Top Biology Programs in U.S. Universities

Top Biology Programs in U.S. Universities College and university biology programs provide the opportunity to study a plethora of ideas and concepts. Below is a list of the top biology programs from colleges and universities in the United States. Obviously, publications rate the programs differently, but Ive seen the following programs turn up consistently in the rankings. It is always best to compare and contrast different programs as biology programs are unique. Always choose the best school for your interests and aspirations. Good luck! Top Biology Programs: East Boston UniversityOffers programs of study with undergraduate specialization in behavioral biology, cell biology, molecular biology genetics, ecology conservation biology, neurobiology, and quantitative biology. Brown UniversityOffers opportunities for study at all levels of biological organization, as well as a range of collaborative opportunities for independent study and research. Carnegie Mellon UniversityOne of the nations top private research institutions, this university offers courses that focus on five core areas: genetics and molecular biology, biochemistry and biophysics, cell and developmental biology, neuroscience, and computational biology. Columbia UniversityOffers programs to prepare students for careers in basic research, medicine, public health, and biotechnology. Cornell UniversityCornells Biological Sciences program has hundreds of course offerings with concentrations in fields such as animal physiology, biochemistry, computational biology, marine biology, and plant biology. Dartmouth CollegeCourses of study provide students with an understanding of biology at environmental, organismal, cellular, and molecular levels. Duke UniversityProvides opportunities for specializations in sub-disciplines including anatomy, physiology and biomechanics, animal behavior, biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, evolutionary biology, genetics, genomics, marine biology, neurobiology, pharmacology, and plant biology. Emory UniversityOffers advanced programs of study in various sub-disciplines including cell and molecular biology, physiology, ecology and evolutionary biology. Harvard UniversityOffers specialized plans of study in biomedical engineering, chemical and physical biology (CPB), chemistry, human developmental and regenerative biology (HDRB), human evolutionary biology (HEB), molecular and cellular biology (MCB), neurobiology, organismic and evolutionary biology (OEB), and psychology. Johns Hopkins UniversityOffers opportunities for study in biomedical engineering, neuroscience, biophysics, cellular and molecular biology, microbiology, and much more. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)MIT offers courses of study in areas such as biochemistry, bioengineering, biophysics, neurobiology, and computational biology. Penn State UniversityIncludes programs of study in fields including general biology, ecology, genetics developmental biology, neuroscience, plant biology, and vertebrate physiology. Princeton UniversityOffers opportunities for study in areas including molecular biology, ecology and evolutionary biology, and chemical and biological engineering. University of North Carolina at Chapel HillThe programs of study at UNC prepare students for careers in the biological, environmental, and medical sciences. This includes fields such as medical, dental, and veterinary medicine. University of PennsylvaniaOffers areas of study including genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, development, plant biology, vertebrate physiology, neurobiology, behavior, ecology, and evolution. University of VirginiaThe biology curriculum offers specialization in areas such as genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, ecology, and evolution. Yale UniversityThe Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB) provides opportunities for study in biotechnology, plant sciences, neurobiology, genetics, cell and developmental biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and chemical biology. Central Indiana University - BloomingtonStudents earning a degree in biology at this university are prepared for careers in biology, biotechnology, and health-related fields. Specialized areas of study include ecology, genetics, microbiology, cellular, developmental, environmental, and molecular biology. Michigan State UniversityOffers various programs in the biological sciences including biochemistry and molecular biology. Northwestern UniversityOffers opportunities for study in the biological sciences with concentrations in biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, neurobiology, physiology, and plant biology. Ohio State UniversityPrograms of study include forensic biology, life sciences education, and pre-health professions. Purdue UniversityOffers a wide range of study in fields of biology such as biochemistry; cell, molecular, and developmental biology; ecology, evolution, and environmental biology; genetics; health and disease; microbiology; and neurobiology and physiology. University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignProvides opportunities for study in genomics, physiology, ecology, evolution, and cell and molecular biology. University of IowaOffers biology programs of study in areas including cell and developmental biology, evolution, genetics, neurobiology, and plant biology. University of Michigan at Ann ArborPrograms provide opportunities for study in ecology and evolutionary biology; molecular, cellular and developmental biology, and neuroscience. University of Notre DameBiological and environmental sciences programs allow students to study evolutionary biology, cellular and molecular biology, cancer biology, immunology, neuroscience, and more. Vanderbilt UniversityOffers courses and research opportunities in biochemistry, structural biology and biophysics, cell biology, genetics, molecular biology, computational biology, evolutionary biology, ecology, developmental biology, and neurobiology. Washington University in St. LouisProvides opportunities for study in genetics, neuroscience, development, population biology, plant biology, and more. West Arizona State UniversityThe field of biological science at Arizona State offers opportunities for study in animal physiology and behavior; biology and society; conservation biology and ecology; genetics, cell and developmental biology. Baylor UniversityBiology programs at Baylor are designed for students interested in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, ecology, environmental science, wildlife, conservation, forestry, genetics, or other areas of biology. Rice UniversityOffers opportunities to study in biochemistry and cell biology; biological sciences; ecology and evolutionary biology. University  of Colorado at BoulderOffers four undergraduate  biology-related  programs of study in molecular, cellular and developmental biology; ecology and evolutionary biology; integrative physiology; and biochemistry. University of KansasProvides opportunities for study in biochemistry, biology, microbiology, and molecular biosciences. University of MinnesotaPrograms of study in biology and in cell and molecular biology are offered for individuals interested in graduate study or professional training in the biological and health sciences. University of MontanaOffers opportunities to earn degrees in biology, microbiology, and medical technology. University of Nevada Las VegasUNLVs biological sciences program offers areas of concentration in biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, comprehensive biology, ecology and evolutionary biology, education, integrative physiology, and microbiology. University of OklahomaThis biological sciences program prepares students to enter medical, dental, or veterinary training, as well as other  biology-related  careers. University of OregonOffers biology programs of study with concentrations in ecology evolution; human biology; marine biology; molecular cellular developmental biology; and neuroscience behavior. University of Wisconsin at MadisonThe University of Wisconsins biology program includes opportunities for specialization in neurobiology and evolutionary biology. Pacific California Institute of TechnologyOffers opportunities for study in biology or  bioengineering. Stanford UniversityThis biology program gives students the foundation needed to pursue careers in the medical and veterinary  fields, as well as preparation for graduate study. University of California at BerkeleyProvides opportunities for study in biochemistry molecular biology; cell developmental biology; genetics, genomics development; immunology pathogenesis; and neurobiology. University of California at DavisStudent may choose to major in several concentrations including biochemistry and molecular biology; biological sciences;  cell biology; evolution, ecology and biodiversity; exercise biology; genetics; microbiology; neurobiology, physiology and behavior; and plant biology. University of California at IrvineOffers opportunities for study in biological sciences, biochemistry and molecular biology, biology/education, developmental and cell biology, ecology and evolutionary biology, genetics, microbiology and immunology, and neurobiology. University of California at Los AngelesProvides opportunities to study in biology and a number of biology-related areas including  ecology, behavior, and evolution; marine biology; microbiology, immunology, molecular genetics; molecular, cell developmental biology; integrative biology and physiology; neuroscience; and computational systems biology. University of California at Santa BarbaraStudents may choose to major in several specialized areas of biology including aquatic biology; biochemistry and molecular biology; ecology and evolution; cell and developmental biology; pharmacology; physiology; and zoology. University of Southern CaliforniaOffers opportunities for study in biological sciences,  human development  and aging, neuroscience, environmental science, and more. University of Washington at SeattleProvides opportunities for study in areas of biology including ecology, evolution, conservation biology; molecular, cellular developmental biology; physiology and plant biology.

Managing Multinational Operations DB4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Multinational Operations DB4 - Essay Example This paper seeks to evaluate some of these services that make Citibank one of the best bankers in the United States and why Acme should regard it as the first option in its search for a financial service provider. Citibank avails a variety of financial services meant to suite offshore investors. The Citi’s ‘Openinvestor’ is a range of integrated services which are much updated to provide solutions to the modern investor. It must be remembered that one of the strengths of Citi basically lies on its global network that makes its impact felt across the globe. With over $13 trillion in assets scattered in over 100 countries, these resources are normally leveraged to avail fund administration, secure global custody and financial solutions customized to meet peculiar demands. Citi allows investors to focus on fund accumulation in order to build more capital for future investments. This is made possible through the top notch administrative services found in all Citi branches across the globe. In all respect, compared to other American bankers, Citi will certainly take the lead in promoting investment across the different cultures and situations found in different countries in the world. Acme is seeking a financial partner that will provide it with a centralized cash management system- an attribute for which Citibank proud itself to be a leader in the market. In the same vein, the fund accounting services will enable Acme to offload the trouble of Portfolio Accounting thereby minimize risks while also improving the performance of its funds. In an increasingly competitive financial environment, a firm requires a bank that offers very stable foreign exchange management services that will enable it sail through the fluctuating economic situations. Citibank has designed a comprehensive portfolio of foreign exchange services that specifically relate to the local environments in

Financial Leasing in the Context of Uniform Commercial Code of the Essay

Financial Leasing in the Context of Uniform Commercial Code of the United States - Essay Example nless the lessee has selected that person and directed the lessor to acquire the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods from that person, (b) that the lessee is entitled under this Article to the promises and warranties, including those of any third party, provided to the lessor by the person supplying the goods in connection with or as part of the contract by which the lessor acquired the goods or the right to possession and use of the goods, and (c) that the lessee may communicate with the person supplying the goods to the lessor and receive an accurate and complete statement of those promises and warranties, including any disclaimers and limitations of them or of remedies.2 For lessors the essential challenges in financial leasing are the length of time the financial institution’s investment is exposed which is the duration of the financial lease. Since the financial institution only holds the title of ownership of the asset in financial leases they do not ha ve possession of the asset therefore the care, maintenance, state and condition of the asset is not within the control of the financial institution. This exposure is considered a risk by financial institution since in the event of a default or failure of the lessee to satisfy his part of the agreement the state and condition of the asset may not make it marketable or commercially viable for the financial institution or the lessor to recover his investment at the onset. Taking the above into consideration the lessor can exercise his right by virtue of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the United States to secure his investment supported by Article 1 203 of the same Code which states that: A transaction in the form of a lease creates a  security interest if the consideration that the... For lessors the essential challenges in financial leasing are the length of time the financial institution’s investment is exposed which is the duration of the financial lease. Since the financial institution only holds the title of ownership of the asset in financial leases they do not have possession of the asset therefore the care, maintenance, state and condition of the asset is not within the control of the financial institution. This exposure is considered a risk by financial institution since in the event of a default or failure of the lessee to satisfy his part of the agreement the state and condition of the asset may not make it marketable or commercially viable for the financial institution or the lessor to recover his investment at the onset. Taking the above into consideration the lessor can exercise his right by virtue of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the United States to secure his investment supported by Article 1 203 of the same Code which states that: A transaction in the form of a lease creates a security interest if the consideration that the lessee is to pay the lessor for the right to possession and use of the goods is an obligation for the term of the lease and is not subject to termination by the lessee, and: the original term of the lease is equal to or greater than the remaining economic life of the goods; the lessee is bound to renew the lease for the remaining economic life of the goods or is bound to become the owner of the goods;

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) in the Recession

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) in the Recession Abstract In this assignment is presented briefly the world economic recession, the definition of strategic management and is analyzed the role of Strategic Human Resource Management as well as the HRM Policies during the economic crisis. Finally, are proposed some solutions of reducing HRM costs, following the minimizing cost strategy of the companies and presented the potential contribution to the long-term success of a company after the end of the recession. Introduction Every business adopts strategies of acting. The business strategy the that a company adapts and applies is directly linked with its day-by-day changing commercial, economic, technical, ethical and social environment. (Georgopoulos,2006) Until now, businesses were taking in account the factors of a continuously augmenting globalization of the markets and the non-stop pushing from the international competition (Scroggins W., Benson Ph., 2010), the poor ability of the company to protect itself from the increasing menaces from the external environment and technological and administrative opportunities are spread between the society and the business. (Georgopoulos, 2006) World Economic Recession In these factors that bring uncertainty to the company is added the economic recession that burst about two / three years ago. Recession is a phase of business cycle in which there is a significant reduction in economic activity, which is obvious in income, employment, industrial production and sales. As consequence a lot of companies are trying to survive, focused mostly in cost leadership strategy, a strategy that its goal is the minimizing of the costs of production. Strategic Management Strategic Management refers to the most difficult challenge that an organization confronts, on how through the competition for survival and prevalence in the market in the present, will put foundation for a success in the future.(Georgopoulos, 2006) Maximizing Performance is the main goal of all managers, which means the level that the organizations reach their organizational goals with efficiency and effectiveness. This will result the companys success in the long run. (Georgopoulos, 2006) Strategic Human Resource Management and its Role in Present Recession SHRM is a strategic approach of managing one of the most important elements of an organization, its working force. The need of SHRM is more intense in present days, as economies are under recession, businesses have losses and a vast number of people lose their jobs all around the world (Harness T., 2009). The administration of every firm has a cost reduction strategy, searching for potential cost savings and thinking twice of spending its income. The HRM costs are usually significant costs and are usually the first that are reduced in an economic crisis. In situations like this, the HRM has to react quickly, supporting the organization in protecting incoming cash and reducing its operational costs. This is pressing for HRM, as it has to change its focus rapidly, from the pleasant strategies of the economic growth, taken for granted by the employees, to unpopular cost cutting strategies. In this way, HRM contributes to the survival of the business, maximizing its performance if it is possible and to its success after the exit of the recession, having already recruited the most talented employees with the less possible cost, leading the organization to the competitive advantage in the future market (FergusonK., 2009). Unfortunately, for achieving this, HRM adopts unpopular innovations; policies and procedures may be cancelled or postponed; but also this could be helpful for HRM to introduce modern policies of high standard, making the organizations healthier after the recession. Until now, has been observed a trend of the businesses where the majority of companies has fired employees directly after the burst of the crisis and replaced low-performing employees with high performing. Also a big amount of them hire only temporary personnel and augment the size of IT applications. As a result, some of the HRM processes can be strongly affected and some other not to be affected at all. SHRM of Recession and HRM Policies There are policies of HRM that are heavily affected by the recession in the strategy of minimizing the costs, such as planning of workforce, recruitment, training, benefits already given to employees, performance management and appraisal, which have to be minimized immediately. Other practices are less affected, such as job analysis, recruitment, testing, selection, interviewing and development, in which the costs can be more easily reduced . Job Analysis, Planning and Recruitment during the recession In these activities of HRM, the one that has to be almost eliminated is the recruitment. Most of the businesses stop recruitment completely or they reduce it to minimum. This affects the activities of job analysis and planning, as there are no incoming employees. The HR department is really careful of identifying the needs in personnel of the company and designs work positions that cover a larger field of duties and have less specialization. Additionally, they can build a brand name this period, creating job campaigns that will attract talents with the minimum cost. They reschedule simultaneously the planning of the working force of the company and its organizational structure, redirecting the employees in other departments. In this way the costs in money and time from recruitment are almost eliminated instantly (Richbell S., 2010). Testing, Interviewing and Selection during the recession These three activities are not affected so much, as long as there is at least some recruitment, as there are ways to make their costs disappear, mostly through technological tools (Polychroniou P., 2009) that give the opportunity to the companies to test and interview with no cost of transportation, residence of the interviewers, materials etc. On the other hand, always businesses wish to have talented employees, thinking of their performance and success after the end of the recession. In this case, the crisis enables companies of mapping and targetting the really talented employees that maybe they are working for the competitors or are victims of the recession. And all these will cost to the company less than in a growth period (Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2010). Training and Development during the recession Training will follow the pace of the recruitment as it is costly to train the new employees, as long as they exist. It has huge costs in time and money, so the companies prefer already experienced employees, victims of the recession, to avoid these costs. On the contrary, development is really significant during the recession time. This is the HR practice less affected by recession, as can be done with low cost, using IT solutions, and prepares the business for the exit of the economic crisis, maximizing the performance and contributing in the long-term success. The development can be diminished to the key personnel, identify the top performers and concentrate to the really capable of achieving good performance (Malik F., 2009). Performance management, Benefits and Appraisal during recession A company has after the check of performance of its employees to make a quick classification between good and average employees. This will make also the average or bad employees to be pressed to perform. Also, employees with average performance in a department can be redirected to another one, which will give them additional skills as well. Finally, for maximizing their performance the HR department has to listen to the employees, to keep them motivated and be sincere with them about the difficulties of the period, so that they will trust the administration, they will help it to face the appraising problems by feedback and will augment their willingness for higher performance. Additionally, creating a vision and making them part of it, will increase the level of commitment of the employees (Pate J., 2010). From what the business can save a huge amount of money are the bonuses that can be significantly reduced, without touching the base salaries of its employees, as they are really sensitive in this (Armstrong M., 2011). In the same manner, in the appraisal process, the promotions can be re-evaluated and can be done only the needed ones, trying to minimize the salary augmentation and strengthen their development programs(Armstrong M., 2011). SHRM Solutions for Companies during recession In bad economic periods, companies neglect investing in HRM, as they think of these periods suitable for cutting benefits and firing employees. In the contrary, companies should take advantage of these periods, to prepare themselves for the next period of strong economic growth. Innovation leads to competitive advantage Innovation results out of change, which demands an organizational culture willing to accept it. The contribution of HRM in organizational culture, makes it a really important function of the business nowadays. The innovations that HRM can implement in organizational culture of the company are (Benevene P., 2010): collaborate with ecological ways of communication reducing costs; increase the satisfaction of employees making them feeling important, sharing with them the vision of company; introduce the flexible working transforming it from an employee benefit to a cost controlling strategy (Atkinson C., 2011); increase the employee engagement to the performance of the company; attract and keep talented employees(Pate J., 2010). In this way, HRM, through innovative strategies contribute to the exit of a company from the recession, lowering the costs and maximizing business performance. Being focused on organizational culture, through its processes and the help of technology, HRM can offer real benefit to the company. Conclusion In this period of world economic recession, the HRM has to react in a fast and efficient way, as the longer an introducing solution needs, the less is appropriate. A company with HR department reporting, controlling and innovating all its processes, can be leaded in a huge competitive advantage after the crisis comparing to its competitors, improving or maximize the performance of its employees and as a consequence the performance of the organization and thus, considered to have achieved success in the long run (Kats M., 2010).

Traffic: Road and Public Transport

?Traffic congestion in many cities around the world is severe. One possible solution to this problem is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and use this money to make public transport better. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of such a measure. One of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taxes would discourage car owners from using their cars because it would become very expensive to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public transport instead, thus reducing traffic problems and pollution as well.Another benefit would be that much more use would be made of public transport if it was improved. It is often the case that public transport in cities is very poor. For example, we often see old buses and trains that people would rather not use. High taxes would generate enough money to make the necessary changes. Nevertheless, there are drawbacks to such a solution. First and foremost, this would be a heavy burden on the car driver s.At present, taxes are already high for a lot of people, and so further taxes would only mean less money at the end of the month for most people who may have no choice but to drive every day. In addition, this type of tax would likely be set at a fixed amount. This would mean that it would hit those with less money harder, whilst the rich could likely afford it. It is therefore not a fair tax. To conclude, this solution is worth considering to improve the current situation, but there are advantages and disadvantages of introducing such a policy.In modern life we have to face with many problems one of which is traffic congestion becoming more serious day after day. It is said that the high volume of vehicles, the inadequate infrastructure and the irrational distribution of the develpoment are main reasons for increasing traffic jam The major cause leading to traffic congestion is the high number of vehicle which was caused by the population and the development of economy. To solve t his problem, the government should encourage people to use public transport or vehicles with small size such as bicycles or make tax on private vehicles.Particularly, in some Asia countries such as Viet Nam, the local authorities passed law restricting to the number of vehicles for each family. The methods mentioned above is indeed effective in fact. That the inadequate infrastructure cannot handle the issue of traffic is also an crucial reason. The public transport such as bus, subway or train is not available and its quality is very bad, especially in the developing countries. Besides, the highway and road network is incapable of meeting the requirement of increasing number of vehicle.Coping with these difficulties, the government should make an investment in the traffic facilties, namely, the publc transport need improving to become more modern and convenient. In addition, it is useful to build overpasses and more lanes in the streets. Apparently, the irrational distribution and the lack of conscience make the traffic worse and worse. The head offices, the univeristies or hospitals often locate in the centre of city attracting a heavy flow of people in rush hour.To handle this situation, the government should allocate suitably , for instance some unviersity or office will be moved to the outskirt of city. It is necessary to encourage poeple obey the traffic rules which will make greatly change the problem of traffic. Finally, it's high time we were aware of the disadvatages as well as the solutions to the traffic congestion. With great effort from each individualist and government, our society will be definitely cleaner and well i organized

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Imagination Essay Samples That Only a Few People Know Exist

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Imagination Essay Samples That Only a Few People Know Exist The Number One Question You Must Ask for Imagination Essay Samples Its principal purpose is to make readers enthusiastic in regards to the location. Indicate whether you believe that classrooms in the united states ought to be equipped with video surveillance devices. Taking an instance of the movie Men In Black 3' it has a fantastic and advanced awareness of imagination in everything that's shown in the movie. Order today to acquire the very best paper example of your pick! Imagination has a wonderful role and value in every one's life. It makes it possible to experience a whole world inside the mind. It is the ability to form a mental image of something that is not perceived through the five senses. It is not the permanent but the changeable feature of the thinking process of an individual. It's very valuable to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. Short-term professional goals are extremely important to assist you follow your career strategy. An individual have to be open-minded and ready to visualise the impossible to accomplish possibilities. There's a path that's followed to attain the objectives you've laid down for the future. The Imagination Essay Samples Chronicles Writing your memoirs is a great exercise and a great start for a beginning author. If you are experiencing a rough time writing your memoir, you should have a look at the subsequent memoir examples. It is part of creative writing. Essay writing is usually practiced is schools. How to Know the Problems of Society to compose Sociological Essay If you've got to compose a sociological imagination essay, it's quite essential that you know the sociological difficulties which are affecting your life. Please get in touch with us with any questions you might have. So attempt to compose your thesis statement by co relating it with the remainder of essay. Our sample essay has an easy but superior introduction in which it demonstrates that the examinee has knowledge of the subject and clearly states the writer's position to establish the remainder of the essay. By doing this you're going to be in a position to find the last remedy to compose your essay assignment. Please be aware that a few of these college essay examples could possibly be responding to prompts that are no longer being used. To structure an essay, you must simply follow the above mentioned format. In many countries today, unemployment could be explained by the public problem of financial downturn, brought on by the subprime mortgage market. Through the procedure for sociological imagination it's possible to realize that poverty was made by the whole society rather that blaming it on individuals. For example, the dilemma of poverty aforementioned through social imagination becomes a problem that is centered on the flaws of financial management by the government. Therefore, the economy largely affects familial structure, as it's a pillar of society generally. Imagination Essay Samples Help! Sociological imagination demonstrates that it's not just the individual behavior that result in divorce. The sociological imagination also informs people to increase their environments since the surroundings influence the amount of success they experience. Someone who's restricted to thinking that being unemployed is due to his academic lacking whereas there's a lot of other unemployed people with similar academic qualification doesn't think from the box. Therefore, an individual can never address their problems till they understand they can't be solved simply on an individual level but have to be addressed on the social level. Overall it's based on what an individual would like to get perceived as, if they were to die or the way they'd protect themselves. Similarly, 1 person cannot be in a position to solve precisely the same societal ills because society is greater than the person. Individuals therefore hunt for causes within themselves, internalizing the issue. Imagination manifests in many degrees in numerous folks. Social imagination is related to the culture. It acknowledges the existence of interaction between individual or group of individuals and social forces.

Gender inequality in Iran - 2299 Words

09147 The Question of Gender, the Question of Equality ! Gender inequality has been a constant facet of Iranian society for many years, as an Islamic state, the role and treatment of women is based on interpretation of Islamic law (Sharia). The change derived from the downfall of the Pahlavi regime and subsequent Iranian revolution of 1979 dramatically effected the nature and extent of the rights and quality of life experienced by Iranian women. The reign of Pahlavi as Shah saw womens rights reach new capabilities - for example in 1963, regardless to objections by religious clerics women were granted the capability to vote and run for parliament . While these laws saw great improvements in gender equality, they did not 1 guarantee its†¦show more content†¦If a woman files for divorce without evidence, any financial rights are automatically forfeited, for this to be possible the husband is also required to concede to the divorce . Protection from violence is another example 9 of ge nder discrimination in Iran, no laws exist prohibiting domestic violence, rape is classed as a criminal act and results in harsh penalties, however, the act must be witnessed by four male witnesses, or three male and two female, along with this martial rape is not recognised under Iranian law. Furthermore, honour killings do occur, and the penal code allows a man to murder his wife in the instance of adultery . The distinction in laws in regards to gender is a clear demonstration of 10 the vast extend of inequality in Iran, the fact that such laws are a product of government and institutional power results in gender inequality becoming common across many facets of Iranian life, and the creation of cultural predispositions that can lead some to believe women are inferior to men. The government influence and contribution to this issue, primarily through the induction of legal trends suggests the nature of gender inequality is ingrained into the fabric of Iranian life, that it is a soc ially constructed concept derived from Islamic ideology which is widely practiced and acts as a cultural distinction for Iran, as evident through Iran historically being a primarily patriarchal society. ! Differentiation in access toShow MoreRelatedPersepolis And The Kite Runner853 Words   |  4 PagesPersepolis through the eyes and journey of Marjane (Marji). One example of the social reality of Iran that Persepolis presents to readers is women’s mode of dress. In the beginning of the novel, Marji states, â€Å"Then came 1980: the year it became obligatory to wear the veil at school† (1.4). At this time, Marji is only ten years old, yet she still resists the veil and somewhat realizes the gender inequalities present in her reality. 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